Anemia is defined as a lower than normal presence of red blood cells (RBCs). It can be caused by loss of blood, destruction of RBCs, or decreased production of RBCs.
RBCs are very important, they are the cells that transport oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues in the body. If the RBC numbers drop too low the pet will start showing clinical signs; pale gums, increased heart rate, increase respiratory rate and episodes of collapse.
The way we are able to diagnose anemia at the veterinary hospital is by taking a small blood sample (about 1mL) and measuring the percentage of the total blood volume that is made up by RBCs. Normal ranges for dogs are 37% to 55% and for cats it is 24% to 45%. The rest of the total blood volume is made up of white blood cells, platelets and extra-cellular fluid.
Anemia is usually a symptom of a much larger problem so it is essential for us to be able to recognize it and take the proper steps to treat the condition/disease that is causing the anemia.
Written by Jordan Christensen
